Meaning of refrained

1. He refrained from speaking out during the meeting to avoid causing any conflict.
2. Despite being tempted, she refrained from eating the last slice of cake.
3. The teacher refrained from giving her opinion on the controversial topic.
4. He refrained from making any comments until he had all the facts.
5. She refrained from laughing at his joke, as she didn't find it funny.
6. The doctor advised him to refrain from smoking to improve his health.
7. The team refrained from celebrating their victory too loudly out of respect for the losing team.
8. She refrained from texting him after their argument to give him space.
9. He refrained from criticizing his coworker's presentation, even though he disagreed with it.
10. The politician refrained from making any promises he couldn't keep during his campaign.